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Infectious Disease: Hepatitis

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Swine hepatitis E virus: cross-species infection, pork safety and chronic infection.
Abstract Swine hepatitis E virus (swine HEV) belongs to the species Orthohepevirus A within the genus Orthohepevirus in the family Hepeviridae. Four different genotypes of swine HEV within the species Orthohepevirus A have been identified so far from domesticated and wild swine population: genotypes 3 (HEV-3) and 4 (HEV-4) swine HEVs are zoonotic and infect humans, whereas HEV-5 and HEV-6 are only identified from swine. As a zoonotic agent, swine HEV is an emerging public health concern in many industrialized countries. Pigs are natural reservoir for HEV, consumption of raw or undercooked pork is an important rout...
Source: Virus Research - April 21, 2020 Category: Virology Authors: Sooryanarain H, Meng XJ Tags: Virus Res Source Type: research

Recombinant Proteins of the Swine Hepatitis E Virus and Their Uses as a Vaccine and Diagnostic Reagents for Medical and Veterinary Applications
This invention is based on the discovery of the swine hepatitis E virus (swine HEV), the first animal strain of HEV identified and characterized, and its ability to infect across species. The inventors have found that the swine HEV is widespread in the general pig population in the United States and other countries and that swine HEV can infect non-human primates. The inventors have amplified and sequenced the complete genome of swine HEV. The capsid gene (ORF2) of swine HEV has been cloned and expressed in a baculovirus expression system.The possibility that swine HEV may infect humans raises a potential public health con...
Source: NIH OTT Licensing Opportunities - July 6, 2020 Category: Research Authors: ott-admin Source Type: research

Prevalence of Campylobacter spp., Salmonella spp., Listeria monocytogenes, and hepatitis E virus in swine livers collected at an abattoir.
Abstract We investigated the prevalence of Campylobacter spp., Salmonella spp., Listeria monocytogenes, and hepatitis E virus (HEV) in swine liver. We collected swine livers from 110 pigs at an abattoir from September 2010 to March 2011. Pathogens were detected in the liver samples of 19 (17.3%) pigs. Campylobacter spp. were isolated from the liver samples of 14 (12.7%) pigs. In 10 of the 14 Campylobacter-positive pigs, bacteria were present in the internal regions of the liver. Salmonella spp. and L. monocytogenes were detected in the liver samples of 5 (4.5%) pigs and 1 (1%) pig, respectively. No HEV was detecte...
Source: Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases - May 25, 2013 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Sasaki Y, Haruna M, Murakami M, Hayashida M, Ito K, Noda M, Yamada Y Tags: Jpn J Infect Dis Source Type: research

A Review of the Current Status of Relevant Zoonotic Pathogens in Wild Swine (Sus scrofa) Populations: Changes Modulating the Risk of Transmission to Humans
Summary Many wild swine populations in different parts of the World have experienced an unprecedented demographic explosion that may result in increased exposure of humans to wild swine zoonotic pathogens. Interactions between humans and wild swine leading to pathogen transmission could come from different ways, being hunters and game professionals the most exposed to acquiring infections from wild swine. However, increasing human settlements in semi‐natural areas, outdoor activities, socio‐economic changes and food habits may increase the rate of exposure to wild swine zoonotic pathogens and to potentially emerging pa...
Source: Transboundary and Emerging Diseases - May 8, 2015 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: F. Ruiz‐Fons Tags: Review Article Source Type: research

Hepatitis E virus genotype 3 in humans and swine, Cuba.
This study was conduced to determinate the seroprevalence and risk factors associated to hepatitis E virus (HEV) exposition, in individuals who work in pig farms located at western of Artemise Province. The presence of HEV in human and swine samples and the phylogenetic analysis were evaluated. One hundred six workers (with an age range of 18-70years) were enrolled in this study. Two groups were defined, 69 employees with swine related occupations and 37 workers without contact with pigs. None had abroad travel history. Serum samples were tested for immunoglobulins (Ig) M, G and A against HEV. Individual fecal samples were...
Source: Infection, Genetics and Evolution - January 16, 2013 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Authors: de la Caridad Montalvo Villalba M, Owot JC, Corrreia B, Corredor MB, Flaquet PP, Frometa SS, Wong MS, Rodríguez Lay LD Tags: Infect Genet Evol Source Type: research

Hepatitis E Virus Infection in Two Different Community Settings with Identification of Swine HEV Genotype 3 in Indonesia
Abstract Hepatitis E is an emerging disease with globally high incidence. In Indonesia, only few data on HEV infection are available. To assess molecular information on HEV infection in two communities with different customs and swine breeding conditions in Indonesia, serum samples from 137 swine farm workers, 100 blood donors and 100 swine (including 27 faecal) in Yogyakarta (Central of Java), along with 12 and 64 swine farm workers, 42 and 135 local residents also 89 and 119 swine serum samples in Tulungagung (East Java) and Mengwi (Bali), respectively from our previous study, were compared. Serological test of anti‐HE...
Source: Microbiology and Immunology - July 19, 2013 Category: Microbiology Authors: Dewiyani Indah Widasari, Yoshihiko Yano, Takako Utsumi, Didik Setyo Heriyanto, Nungki Anggorowati, Hanggoro Tri Rinonce, Totok Utoro, Maria Inge Lusida, Soetjipto, Widya Asmara, Hak Hotta, Yoshitake Hayashi Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

Hepatitis E virus infection in two different regions of Indonesia with identification of swine HEV genotype 3
ABSTRACT Hepatitis E is an emerging disease with a high incidence globally. Few data are available on hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection in Indonesia. To obtain molecular information on HEV infection in two regions of Indonesia with different customs and swine breeding conditions, serum samples from 137 swine farm workers, 100 blood donors and 100 swine (27 fecal samples also obtained) in Yogyakarta (Central Java) and from 12 and 64 swine farm workers, 42 and 135 local residents and 89 and 119 swine in Tulungagung (East Java) and Mengwi (Bali), respectively, from our previous study, were compared. Serological tests for anti...
Source: Microbiology and Immunology - October 13, 2013 Category: Microbiology Authors: Dewiyani I. Widasari, Yoshihiko Yano, Takako Utsumi, Didik S. Heriyanto, Nungki Anggorowati, Hanggoro T. Rinonce, Totok Utoro, Maria I. Lusida,   Soetjipto, Widya Asmara, Hak Hotta, Yoshitake Hayashi Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

Serological and molecular evidence of hepadnavirus infection in swine.
CONCLUSIONS: Serological and molecular data showed evidence of the circulation of a virus similar to hepatitis B virus in swine. PMID: 25780820 [PubMed - in process]
Source: Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine : AAEM - February 24, 2015 Category: Environmental Health Authors: Vieira YR, Silva MF, Santos DR, Vieira AA, Ciacci-Zanella JR, Barquero G, do Lago BV, Gomes SA, Pinto MA, de Paula VS Tags: Ann Agric Environ Med Source Type: research

Serological and molecular evidence of hepadnavirus infection in swine.
CONCLUSIONS: Serological and molecular data showed evidence of the circulation of a virus similar to hepatitis B virus in swine. PMID: 25780820 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Source: Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine : AAEM - December 15, 2015 Category: Environmental Health Authors: Vieira YR, Silva MF, Santos DR, Vieira AA, Ciacci-Zanella JR, Barquero G, do Lago BV, Gomes SA, Pinto MA, de Paula VS Tags: Ann Agric Environ Med Source Type: research

Seroepidemiology and molecular characterization of hepatitis E virus infection in swine and occupationally exposed workers in Punjab, India
This study was designed to investigate seroprevalence, molecular detection and the characterization of HEV by nested RT‐PCR in swine as well as the occupational risk to exposed human population in Punjab state of north‐western India. The occupational risk‐exposed group comprised of swine farmers (organized – mixed feed feeders and unorganized – swill feeders), slaughterhouse workers, sewage workers and veterinary internes. During the study period, blood and faecal samples were collected from 320 swine and 360 humans with both high and low occupational exposure risks. The overall seroprevalence of swine HEV was 65...
Source: Zoonoses and Public Health - April 28, 2017 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: M. Bansal, S. Kaur, D. Deka, R. Singh, J. P. S. Gill Tags: ORIGINAL ARTICLE Source Type: research

Zoonotic pathogens from feral swine that pose a significant threat to public health
Summary The natural fecundity of suids, great ability to adapt to new habitats and desire for local hunting opportunities leading to translocation of feral pigs to regions where they are not yet established have all been instrumental in the home range expansion of feral swine. Feral swine populations in the United States continue to expand, wreaking havoc on agricultural lands, further compromising threatened and endangered species, and posing a microbiological threat to humans, domestic livestock and companion animals. This manuscript thoroughly reviews zoonotic diseases of concern including brucellosis, bovine tuberculos...
Source: Transboundary and Emerging Diseases - January 31, 2018 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: V. R. Brown, R. A. Bowen, A. M. Bosco ‐Lauth Tags: REVIEW ARTICLE Source Type: research

Serological and virological survey of Hepatitis E virus (HEV) in animal reservoirs from Uruguay reveals elevated prevalences and a very close phylogenetic relationship between swine and human strains
Publication date: Available online 14 November 2017 Source:Veterinary Microbiology Author(s): Santiago Mirazo, Noemí R. Gardinali, D'Albora Cecilia, Lorenzo Verger, Florencia Ottonelli, Natalia Ramos, Gustavo Castro, Marcelo A. Pinto, Viviana Re, Belén Pisano, Alejandra Lozano, Jaqueline Mendes de Oliveira, Juan Arbiza Hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection is an issue of public health concern in high-income and non-endemic countries. Increasing evidence supports the hypothesis of a zoonotic route as the main mode of infection in this epidemiological setting, since the transmission of genotypes HEV-3 and HEV-4 from reservoir...
Source: Veterinary Microbiology - November 14, 2017 Category: Veterinary Research Source Type: research

Potential effects of hepatitis E virus infection in swine on public health in China.
In this study, serum samples of pig were collected for detection of anti-HEV antibodies from the seven provinces. A high seroprevalence of 67.1% was found, and no clear difference was observed among these regions. However, the age and the breeding purpose (for meat supplier or breeding offspring) play significant roles in the risk of swine HEV infection. In addition, sequence comparison of various HEV genomes isolated in China displayed that swine HEV posed obvious threats to ruminant breeding and public health. The high level of seroprevalence of swine HEV strongly plays an important role in cross-species of HEV infection...
Source: Infection, Genetics and Evolution - December 15, 2018 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Authors: Zhou JH, Shang Y, Cao XA, Wang YN, Liu Y, Hu Y, Lan X Tags: Infect Genet Evol Source Type: research

Infection by Brazilian and Dutch swine hepatitis E virus strains induces haematological changes in Macaca fascicularis
Conclusions: The ability of HEV to cross the species barrier was confirmed for both the swine (Brazilian and Dutch) and human (Argentinean) strains, thus reinforcing the zoonotic risk of hepatitis E in South America. Cynomolgus monkeys that were infected with HEV genotype 3 developed subclinical hepatitis that was associated with haematological changes. Haematological approaches should be considered in future studies of HEV infection.
Source: BMC Infectious Diseases - October 23, 2013 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Lilian de CarvalhoRenato MarchevskyDebora dos SantosJaqueline de OliveiraVanessa de PaulaLeilane LopesWilhelmus Van der PoelJorge GonzálezMaria MunnéJulio MoranAna CajaravilleMarcelo Pelajo-MachadoOswaldo CruzMarcelo Pinto Source Type: research

Optimization of the Elution Buffer and Concentration Method for Detecting Hepatitis E Virus in Swine Liver using a Nested Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction and Real-Time Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction.
Abstract The aim of this study was to develop an optimal technique for detecting hepatitis E virus (HEV) in swine livers. Here, three elution buffers and two concentration methods were compared with respect to enhancing recovery of HEV from swine liver samples. Real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and nested RT-PCR were performed to detect HEV RNA. When phosphate-buffered saline (PBS, pH 7.4) was used to concentrate HEV in swine liver samples using ultrafiltration, real-time RT-PCR detected HEV in six of the 26 samples. When threonine buffer was used to concentrate HEV using polyethyl...
Source: Journal of Virological Methods - June 4, 2014 Category: Virology Authors: Son NR, Seo DJ, Lee MH, Seo S, Wang X, Lee BH, Lee JS, Joo IS, Hwang IG, Choi C Tags: J Virol Methods Source Type: research